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| treatment for fatty liver , spain et, plump redhead , jeffrey bland phd, acute fatty liver of pregnancy , metagenics, robert winston, longevity, loseweight, bovine serum albumin, plump ebony , polymorphonuclearleukocytes, lupron, letter to the editor, alpha linolenic acid, fat girls in thongs , babies, | Those fatty acids containing a trans double bond have the potential for closer packing or aligning of acyl chains, resulting in decreased mobility; hence fluidity is reduced when compared to fatty plump mom acids containing a cis double bond. Partial hydrogenation plump mom of polyunsaturated oils causes isomerization of some of the remaining double bonds and migration of plump mom others, resulting in an increase in the trans fatty acid content and the hardening of fat. Hydrogenation of oils, such as corn oil, can result in both cis and trans double bonds anywhere between carbon 4 and carbon 16. A major trans fatty acid is elaidic acid (9-trans 18:1). OCR for page 428 Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids During hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, small amounts of several other trans fatty acids (9-trans,12-cis 18:2; 9-cis,12-trans 18:2) are produced. |
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| Therefore, α-linolenic acid is essential in the diet. It is the precursor for polymorphonuclearleukocytes synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are formed in varying amounts in animal tissues, especially fatty fish, but not in plant cells. EPA is the polymorphonuclearleukocytes precursor of n-3 eicosanoids, which have been shown to have beneficial effects in preventing coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, and thrombosis (Kinsella et al., 1990). Trans Fatty Acids Trans fatty acids are unsaturated fatty acids that contain at least one polymorphonuclearleukocytes double bond in the trans configuration. The trans double-bond configuration results in a larger bond angle than the cis configuration, which in turn results in a more extended fatty acid carbon chain more similar to that of saturated fatty acids rather than that of cis unsaturated, double-bond–containing fatty acids. The conformation of the double bond impacts on the physical properties of the fatty acid. |
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