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Oxidation of excess fatty acids plump chicks in the liver, which occurs in prolonged fasting and with high intakes of medium-chain fatty acids, results plump chicks in formation of large amounts of acetyl CoA that exceed the capacity for entry to the citric acid cycle. These 2-carbon acetyl CoA units condense to form ketone bodies (e.g., acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate) that are released into the circulation. During starvation or prolonged low carbohydrate intake, ketone bodies can become an important alternate energy substrate to glucose plump chicks for the brain and muscle. High dietary intakes of medium-chain fatty acids also result in the generation of ketone bodies. This is explained by the carnitine-independent influx of medium-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, thus by-passing this regulatory step of fatty acid entry into β-oxidation.
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