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plump pics , plump butts , plump rumps tgp , big plump , health care, adventure, fatty tumors in dogs , fatty acid information, benefits, fabp activity, books, fatty knees , bradford s. weeks md, aids, diseases, eli lilly, nutritional supplement, liverdisease, | A major trans fatty acid is elaidic acid (9-trans 18:1). OCR for page bbw plump 428 Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids During hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, small amounts of several other bbw plump trans fatty acids (9-trans,12-cis 18:2; 9-cis,12-trans 18:2) are produced. In addition to these isomers, dairy fat and meats contain 9-trans 16:1 and conjugated dienes (9-cis,11-trans 18:2). The trans fatty acid bbw plump content in foods tends to be higher in foods containing hydrogenated oils (Emken, 1995). Conjugated Linoleic Acid Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for a group of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid in which the trans/cis double bonds are conjugated; that is, the double bonds occur without an intervening carbon atom not part of a double bond. At least nine different isomers of CLA have been reported as minor constituents of food (Ha et al., 1989), but only two of the isomers, cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12, possess biological activity (Pariza et al., |
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1990). Trans Fatty Acids Trans fatty acids are unsaturated fatty acids that contain at least one double bond in the trans configuration. The trans double-bond configuration results in a larger bond angle than the cis configuration, which in big plump turn results in a more extended fatty acid carbon chain more similar to that big plump of saturated fatty acids rather than that of cis unsaturated, double-bond–containing fatty acids. The conformation of the double bond impacts on the physical properties of the big plump fatty acid. Those fatty acids containing a trans double bond have the potential for closer packing or aligning of acyl chains, resulting in decreased mobility; hence fluidity is reduced when compared to fatty acids containing a cis double bond. Partial hydrogenation of polyunsaturated oils causes isomerization of some of the remaining double bonds and migration of others, resulting in an increase in the trans fatty acid content and the hardening of fat. Hydrogenation of oils, such as corn oil, can result in both cis and trans double bonds anywhere between carbon 4 and carbon 16. |
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