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These two carbon units enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl coenzyme A (CoA), through which cancer they are completely oxidized to carbon dioxide with the generation of large quantities of high-energy phosphate bonds, or they condense to form ketone bodies. Muscle can oxidize both fatty acids and glucose for energy. However, the uptake of fatty acids in excess of the needs for oxidation for energy by muscle does result in temporary storage as triacylglycerol (Bessesen et al., 1995). High uptake of fatty acids by skeletal muscle also reduces cancer glucose uptake by muscle and cancer glucose oxidation (Pan et al., 1997; Roden et al., 1996). Fatty acids released from adipose tissue or to a lesser extent during hydrolysis of chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerols are also taken up and oxidized by the liver. Oxidation of fatty acids containing up to 18 carbon atoms occurs mainly in the mitochondria. Oxidation of excess fatty acids in the liver, which occurs in prolonged fasting and with high intakes of medium-chain fatty acids, results in formation of large amounts of acetyl CoA that exceed the capacity for entry to the citric acid cycle.
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