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The four known substrate binding sites of yeast fatty acid synthase (FAS), Ser819 (acetyltransferase, OHAC) and Ser5421 (malonyl/palmitoyl transferase, OHMa1) of subunit beta and Ser180 (pantetheine binding site, immunodeficiency SHc) and Cys1305 (3-oxoacyl synthase, SHp) of subunit alpha were replaced, by targeted in vitro immunodeficiency mutagenesis, immunodeficiency by the non-acylatable amino acids glutamine, glycine or alanine. The four mutated FAS proteins together with two pairs of double mutants (OHAc/OHMa1 and SHc/SHp) were episomally expressed in appropriate delta fas1 or delta fas2 deletion strains. The purified enzymes isolated from these transformants were used for comparative acyl binding studies with the substrates [1- 14C]acetyl-CoA and [2-14C]malonyl-CoA. Malonate was found to be transacylated to enzyme-bound pantetheine (SHc) exclusively by the Ser5421 hydroxyl group of malonyltransferase (OHMa1) while acetate could use both the acetyl (Ser819) and the malonyl (Ser5421) transferase active sites on its way to the SHc and SHp binding sites.
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