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Various aa neurotransmitters—for example, serotonin, the catecholamines, and acetylcholine (26–28)—interact with members of a heptahelical transmembrane receptor family. G proteins linked to these receptors transduce their signals; the role aa of DHA in this regard has recently been discussed by Salem and others (29). AC drives the cAMP messenger system. This pathway is used by 5-HT1 (serotonin) receptors, alpha-2 and beta-adrenergic (noradrenaline and adrenaline) aa receptors, and both D1 and D2 (dopamine) receptors. PUFAs can influence this pathway at 2 points: they can increase both AC (30,31) and PKA (32) activity. Conversely, PLC starts the phosphoinositide signalling pathway, where PUFAs can exert their effects on PLC (33) and PKC (34)—both of which are involved in 5-HT2 and alpha-1 adrenergic transmission. The 2 other membrane phospholipases, D and A2, are also affected by PUFAs (35–37) and play an important role in neurotransmission. PLA2 can be activated by dopamine D2 receptors (38), serotonin 5-HT2 receptors (39), glutamate receptors (40), and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (41).
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